"Ground-Mounted Structure Design for Bifacial Solar Panels: Key Considerations and Common Mistakes"
Introduction
Bifacial solar panels, capable of absorbing light from both sides, are increasingly used in modern solar power plants. These panels can boost energy yields by 5% to 25%. However, achieving the full potential of this technology relies heavily on the correct design of the supporting structures.
In this article, we explore key design considerations and common mistakes in the ground-mounting of bifacial solar panels.
Why Proper Structure Design Matters for Bifacial Panels
In bifacial panels, the rear side plays a significant role in light absorption. Reflected light from the ground (albedo) can contribute an additional 10% to 20% energy production — but only if the structure is designed to allow optimal light exposure. Poor structural design can negate this advantage entirely.
Common Mistake: Using Traditional Monofacial Structures
Many projects still use standard mounting systems designed for monofacial panels. This approach not only reduces overall efficiency but can also lead to uneven energy generation, the formation of hotspots, and in extreme cases, fire hazards and reduced panel lifespan.
Best Practices for Optimized Bifacial Structure Design
- Avoid Shading
The structure should be designed to expose the rear side of the panel to as much reflected light as possible.
✔ Structural contacts should only touch the panel's frame.
✔ Avoid horizontal crossbars beneath the active cell area. - Appropriate Installation Height
Increasing the panel's height above ground (typically between 80 cm and 120 cm) enhances the rear side’s exposure to ground-reflected light, boosting energy gains. - Optimizing Ground Surface (Albedo)
Surfaces like white gravel or geotextile coverings increase reflection and improve bifacial performance. - Proper Tilt Angle and Row Spacing
A tilt angle of about 30° to 35° is optimal. Adequate row spacing is crucial to prevent shading at different times of the day. - Reinforced Structures for Heavier Panels
Bifacial panels are approximately 10% to 12% heavier than monofacial ones. Therefore, supporting structures must be reinforced.
Although this may increase structural costs by 20% to 40%, it only adds about 6% to 8% to the total project cost — an investment easily offset by the improved energy yield.
Good Design = Faster ROI
Every percentage point of optimization in bifacial structure design directly impacts the system's overall performance and payback period. Projects that applied correct structural designs have reported up to 20% higher energy production.
Conclusion
Designing structures for bifacial panels is not just mechanical engineering — it’s a critical factor in maximizing the efficiency, sustainability, and profitability of a solar system.
Attention to details such as shading, installation height, ground surface characteristics, and proper structural choices is a smart investment that pays back multiple times over the system’s lifetime.